Archaeologists have made a remarkable discovery off the coast of Naples, Italy, unearthing an ancient Roman mosaic that once adorned the floor of a villa in the now-submerged city of Baiae. This significant find, located in the marine-protected area of Bay Sommersa, highlights the rich history of a region that was once a luxurious retreat for Rome’s elite.
The mosaic, which dates back to the 3rd century AD, covers an impressive area of approximately 250 square meters. It was originally part of the villa’s reception room, situated in a location that would have offered stunning views of the sea. The Campi Flegrei Archaeological Park, which is overseeing the excavation, reported that the mosaic is composed of thousands of intricately shaped marble pieces, many of which were repurposed from other structures.
Baiae was renowned in ancient times for its opulence and hedonistic lifestyle, attracting notable figures such as Julius Caesar, Emperor Nero, and other members of the Roman elite. The town was celebrated by the poet Sextus Propertius, who described it as a “vortex of luxury” and a “harbor of vice.” However, the town’s grandeur was lost to the sea due to a geological phenomenon known as bradyseism, which caused the ground to sink over the centuries.
The underwater excavation is part of a broader effort to restore and preserve the submerged ruins of Baiae. Archaeologists have been working diligently to recover the mosaic pieces, which are often found beneath collapsed walls and other debris. The restoration process involves carefully extracting the marble slabs and cleaning them in freshwater tanks to remove salt from the seawater.
The mosaic itself is a stunning example of opus sectile, a decorative technique that involves cutting stones into precise shapes to create intricate patterns. Unlike traditional mosaics that use small square tiles, opus sectile requires a higher level of craftsmanship and the use of more expensive materials. The discovery of this particular mosaic is significant, as it showcases the artistic and architectural sophistication of the time.
Local officials, including the mayor of Bacoli, have expressed their excitement over the find. Mayor Josi Gerardo Della Ragione described the mosaic as “stupendous,” emphasizing its historical importance and the ongoing efforts to uncover the secrets of Baiae’s past. The site has become a popular destination for divers and tourists, offering a unique glimpse into the submerged remnants of Roman civilization.
The Campi Flegrei region, known for its volcanic activity, has a long history of geological changes that have shaped the landscape. The last major eruption in the area occurred in 1538, creating a new mountain in the bay. Today, the region is monitored closely for seismic activity, as experts have noted an increase in volcanic activity since late 2022.
As the restoration project continues, archaeologists hope to piece together the mosaic and gain further insights into the daily life and culture of the ancient Romans who once inhabited Baiae. The ongoing work not only aims to preserve the mosaic but also to enhance our understanding of the architectural practices and artistic expressions of the time.
The underwater archaeological park in Baiae has become a significant attraction, drawing visitors eager to explore the submerged ruins and learn about the history of this once-thriving Roman resort. The discovery of the mosaic adds another layer to the rich tapestry of Baiae’s past, reminding us of the grandeur that once existed in this now-submerged city.
As researchers continue their work, they remain optimistic about uncovering more treasures from the depths of the Gulf of Naples. The mosaic serves as a testament to the enduring legacy of ancient Rome and the ongoing efforts to preserve its history for future generations.
Source: CNN, CBS News, Parco Archeologico Campi Flegrei
